SWIFT vs DLT

The Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) is the current facilitator of cross-border payments between financial institutions. It is a slow, expensive and outdated system that uses telecommunication. The actual transfers between banks around the world rely on systems that use human intervention, hence can be prone to errors. An international transfer "should" take up to five working days. However, in some instances, a transfer could be lost for a few weeks.

The first contender to express their plans to optimise this space was Ripple, founded in 2012. They have three different products: xVia (standard access), xCurrent (full access) and xRapid (access on-demand liquidity with digital assets). The latter is their most efficient solution for cross-border payments and uses the XRP ledger and more importantly, the XRP token to facilitate the payments.

In 2014, the founder of Mt.Gox and co-founder of Ripple, Jed McCaleb left Ripple, after many disagreements, to create his own venture - Stellar. Where Ripple is targetting banking institutions, the Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) targets a different audience, businesses.

The underlying technology used by both Ripple and Stellar is similar. The validation techniques used to prevent double-spending are the "XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol" and the "Stellar Consensus Protocol". Both are very similar in terms of blockchain architecture. It is a democratic voting system that is updated every few seconds, making it faster, and more efficient than Bitcoin's network.

 

 

XRP

Following extensive testing, it has been found that the XRP ledger can process up to 50,000 (off-chain) transactions per second. This is more than double Visa's capacity of 24,000 per second. Transactions typically take 4 seconds to complete, however with the forthcoming "Cobalt" update; this will take just 1 second.

There will only ever be 100 Billion XRPs that are already pre-mined. To maintain liquidity over the network and prevent a malicious group from withholding a majority of XRP tokens, just over 60B XRPs is held by the company Ripple. 55B is in escrow and will be released over 55 months to financial institutions and payment providers.

The XRP ledger has multiple use cases, including cross border payments. Ripple uses the XRP ledger to source on-demand liquidity for banks and eliminating the need for inefficient nostro-accounts held in other banks across the globe. They also use the XRP ledger to help payment providers expand their reach with cost-efficient transfers and lower foreign exchange fees. So far, Ripple has partnered with multiple banks across the globe including Standard Chartered, BBVA, Crédit Agricole and the Japanese consortium of 61 banks: SBI Holdings. They also partnered with payment providers such as MercuryFX, UAE Exchange and MoneyGram. These 200+ partners, constituting of internationally recognised banks and payment providers, make up RippleNet. The XRP ledger's use cases are not limited to Ripple. Stefan Thomas, previous CTO of Ripple, left the company to start a new venture: Coil. It's an initiative to help content creators monetise their works.

 

 

 

XLM

The Stellar network uses Lumens (XLM) as the native asset of the network. The on-chain processing power of this network is 1,000TPS; it remains unknown if there is any off-chain power capability. Every transaction takes 4 seconds or less like XRP today, and costs 0.00001XLM. Unlike XRP, there is a limitless supply of XLMs. Upon creation of the network, 100B XLMs were created and distributed in batches: - 50B through the Direct Signup Program to increase the project's reach and exposure. - 25B through the Partnership Program dedicated to institutions partnering that share the objectives of SDF. - 20B through the Bitcoin Program for free distribution to holders of BTC and XRP (19B for BTC holders and 1B for XRP holders). - 5B to cover SDF's operational costs.

The Stellar network has a built-in nominal inflation mechanism fixed at 1% per year. Therefore the supply will increase over time instead of decrease like XRP. The target audience of the Stellar protocol are international businesses; their main aim is to ease their transacting process. They do so by creating a decentralised network where anyone in the world can run a Stellar server. Of course, all transactions get validated through the Stellar consensus protocol. A unique feature of the network is "chain of conversions" if there is no direct relationship between two specific currencies. Since their target audience is businesses, clerical errors can happen. A business might send money through the network to the wrong client. Transactions are irreversible. However, one can freeze the assets sent (a 3-5 second process) and make the asset invaluable unless sent back to the business. To implement this solution in the correct ecosystem, the Stellar Organisation has a diverse set of partnerships under its wing. They are most renowned for their strategic partnership with the American multinational IBM, who have been contracted by the Australian government to use DLT for an e-government solution. Another significant partner is Stripe, a payment solution platform that has a customer base of over 100,000 businesses.

 

 

Conclusion

XRP or XLM has been the debate over the past few years. Since both projects stem from the same organisation, many people assume incorrectly that only one will succeed. However, this cannot be further from the truth. While Jed McCaleb and the Ripple team do not see eye to eye, they are both targeting different audiences and improving their network based on that principle. The key aspect to remember here is that they are not direct rivals. Ripple is targeting the big banks, tapping into the world of financial institutions. Whereas the Stellar organisation is targeting a smaller audience by the size of assets, but with as much significance. It is tailoring a solution for businesses that operate worldwide, which happens to be the majority of businesses today. Both have proved that DLT is the better alternative for the outdated SWIFT system we use. But in terms of "XRP vs XLM", they both have their place in the marketplace, and can therefore coexist.

Cover, XRP, XLM & handshake images licensed via Shutterstock